Triangulation allows connections to be made between the different types of evidence of learning left by students. It also helps teachers obtain a more complete and accurate picture of each student’s abilities and skills.
Evidence of learning includes products, observations and conversations (the three sources that make up triangulation). Digital tools are gradually used to facilitate this triangulation. By making it possible to create a greater variety of evidence (written, audio, visual, etc.), these tools provide more options for teachers and students.
This table displays a description of the three sources that make up triangulation. It gives examples of evidence of learning that can be produced by students, particularly through digital applications as well as examples of tools that teachers can use to keep a record of their observations.
Products
Products can be oral, written or visual. They represent the accomplishment of the student’s knowledge, skills and interpersonal skills observable, in context and throughout the process.
Examples of a student’s evidence of learning
- Presentations: Slides, Canva, PowerPoint, Prezi
- Infographics, sketch-note or digital creations: Digimindmap, Pages, Paper, Canva
- Portfolios (paper or digital): Google Sites, Digipad, Padlet, Genial.ly
- Written questions (task): Classkick, Quizlet, Wooclap
- Written productions: Google Docs, Word, Digidoc
- Video/audio: iMovie, Loom
- Blogs/websites: Blogger, Wix
- Reflection journals: Canva, Bloc-Notes
- Surveys: Forms, Wooclap
- Models : Minecraft
Conversations
Conversations are brief encounters with one student or a small group of students. They consist particularly of listening to and questioning the student in order to allow them to explain and deepen their learning, their thinking, their perceptions, etc.
Examples of a student’s evidence of learning
- Conversations between students: Google Classroom or chatroom environment
- Interviews: Camera
- Oral questions: Flip
- Reading interviews: Flip
- Discussions: Jamboard, Digipad
- Group interactions: Jamboard, Digipad
Observations
Systematic observation of what happens every day in the classroom allows us to learn more about students, their knowledge, their skills, and the strategies they use to tap into their knowledge. Observation enables teachers to see various cognitive processes at work.
Examples of a student’s evidence of learning
- Simulations: Minecraft
- Oral reading: Blogue, CBC Kids, Audio recording
- Presentations: Slides, PowerPoint, Canva
- Debates: Jamboard
- Demonstrations: Camera of the digital device used
Examples of evidence collected by the teacher
- Observation grid, checklist, rating scale, evaluation grid: Google Forms, Microsoft Forms, Numbers, Google Sheets, Excel, Canva
- Audio: Talk&Comment, Dictaphone of the digital device used
- Video: Camera of the digital device used, Screencastify
Sources:
Ministère de l’Éducation du Manitoba : https://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/m12/progetu/fl2/docs/preuves_apprentissage.pdf
Centre franco-ontarien de ressources pédagogiques : https://equinoxe.cepeo.on.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/08/fascicule3-1.pdf